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The RAYDAC (Raytheon Digital Automatic Computer). A technician is performing a memory integrity check during the construction phase of the 30-bit RAYDAC computer on August 2, 1952. Designed for use in Project Hurricane, this four address binary machine built by Raytheon was installed in July 1953 at the Naval Air Missile Test Center at Point Mugu, California and was used for guidance/navigation system development, orbital trajectory computations for the CIA Corona spy satellite program, and radar tracking data analysis of rocket tests. Cooled by a liquid Freon®, its 5,200 vacuum tubes consumed 28 kW of power. It had 18,000 crystal diodes, 1,152 words of 36-bit 305 µs acoustic delay line memory, and 630 relays. With a 3.77 MHz clock, addition took 38 µs, multiplication 240 µs, and division 375 µs, excluding the memory-access time, with 5-bit check numbers (Hamming type error detection) for self-checking the built-in hardware double-precision floating point circuitry with normalization. The system was architected like a Princeton IAS machine so did not have an operating system, programming was strictly in machine language because RAYDAC did not even have an assembler, not enough memory for it. Back then CPU opcodes were called orders and had to be tediously coded by hand in groups of 18 octal digits representing a 54 bit instruction. Because of this, the 18.6 m² computer required a large staff to operate, 4 operators, 14 maintenance, 25 mathematicians, 5 clerks, and had 4 coders in training.

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